O impacto das Teorias do Caos e complexidade na efetividade das políticas públicas na área da saúde

Abstract

Objective: Understand the complex and interconnected systems for designing public policies in the area of health, in all its stages (planning, decision-making, implementation and evaluation), with the analysis of the impact of Chaos and Complexity Theories on effectiveness the implementation of these policies. Method: This is an Academic Essay presenting ideas and points of view on the effectiveness of planning, implementing and evaluating public policies in the area of health, in the light of concepts relevant to the aforementioned theories. For data collection, a bibliographic survey was carried out on articles from the last five years to collect publications on the topic using descriptors validated by Decs/Mesh. Public data was also collected on the normative acts issued and the number of cases and deaths resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in São José do Rio Preto/SP. The critical analysis involved evaluating the methodological quality of the studies, the relevance of the results and the theoretical and practical contribution to the field of study. Result: The Academic Essay presents the final considerations, with reflection on the implications of the findings for practice and future research. It was found that, in the elaboration of public policies in Brazil, some of the main dilemmas include the lack of collaboration between sectors, difficulty in identifying needs, lack of citizen participation, corruption, lack of monitoring and evaluation capacity. It was understood that because the public policies to be implemented depend on a complex systemic context, influenced by changes in initial conditions, it is possible to contextualize them with Chaos and Complexity Theories. Thus, the failure to understand the complex system causes the high number of normative acts issued at the beginning of the public policy to combat COVID-19, as the case exemplified in São José do Rio Preto/SP, followed by the continuous increase in the number of cases confirmed cases and number of deaths, with peaks at certain periods of the year, which highlights low effectiveness in the actions adopted. Conclusion: Understanding the complexity and unpredictability of systems can encourage the creation of more resilient policies, capable of adapting to unexpected changes and external shocks, such as economic crises, natural disasters, or even a pandemic. This research revealed that the lack of adequate understanding of the complex system contributed to the proliferation of normative acts at the beginning of the public policy to combat COVID-19. Therefore, this academic essay not only illuminated the current challenges faced by public policy conceptions in Brazil, but also proposes a new paradigm of analysis and approach, which can influence future research and actions. By identifying gaps and proposing the contextualization of policies with advanced theories, this study promoted a deeper and more practical understanding of the complexities involved, providing a robust theoretical basis for the development of more effective and adaptable public policies.