Conhecimento materno sobre sífilis congênita: educação em saúde e tecnologia da informação como proposta de intervenção de Enfermagem

Abstract

Objective: Identify maternal knowledge about congenital syphilis and propose an educational intervention through technology to understand the phenomenon and subsidize the nursing practice. Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative, analytical approach with a correlation between variables. One hundred forty-three pregnant women between 18 and 45 years participated. We conducted the research through the application of two semi-structured questionnaires prepared by the researcher, consisting of two parts: the first described sociodemographic data with 29 multiple choice questions, and the second containing 17 dichotomous questions regarding congenital syphilis knowledge during prenatal care of pregnant women accompanied by a woman clinic, located in a municipal in the northwest of São Paulo. The questionnaires were applied in person, ensuring the participants all the guarantees established in the current health protocols due to the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. After signing the Free Consent Form, participants answered the questionnaires in a reserved room of the Women's Clinic. We elaborated an educational booklet on congenital syphilis as a proposal for intervention to provide information on the prevention of congenital syphilis. The booklet contains informative data on syphilis, its symptoms, diagnosis, testing, and treatment, such as avoiding, breastfeeding, the importance of treatment for partners, myths & truths, and questions & answers. Result: According to age, more than 50% of pregnant women were between 21 and 30 years old (n = 59; 56.73%), and all showed common knowledge. As for education, 19 (12.50%) participants had incomplete high school and had common knowledge. With complete high school, 66 pregnant women participated, of which 50% had a shared understanding of the disease. Of 19 participants who had completed higher education, only 10.58% revealed common knowledge, and 22.86% had a high knowledge level. According to income, with up to one minimum wage of 61 participants, 42 (40.38%) had common knowledge; with 52 participants with more than one minimum wage, 45 (43.27%) stood out with an average level of knowledge. Conclusion: The study showed that participants had shared knowledge about congenital syphilis, besides being unaware of the severity of the disease and the consequences for their children, who end up neglecting their health and his. However, we observed that there is substantially an efficient and effective lack of communication during prenatal care by the nursing and collaborators, who were unable to identify this lack of maternal knowledge, which leads to believe that proposing a health education with the aid of information technology is critical to delimit and implement a proposal for nursing intervention. The present research revealed its impact on the construction and reformulation of public health policies, or both, regarding care and qualification to listen to congenital syphilis during family planning and prenatal care. One of the intervention proposals is the elaboration of the educational booklet.