Laserterapia no tratamento da mucosite oral em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

Abstract

Active learning, such as that developed through the methodology of projects, is a topic widely discussed in the educational field; in this case, in order to investigate the development of written language complexity. Objectives: To analyze and verify the effectiveness of project methodology for the development of written language complexity, using Information Entropy (Shannon's) as a tool.Method: Fourteen students (from the third to nineth year of Elementary School) were selected from Maria Peregrina School - São José do Rio Preto/SP, obtaining the average level of entropy of each text compared to the average entropy of the Brazilian-Portuguese language, using the assumptions of Information Theory and Shannon's entropy level measurement. To carry out the comparative analysis of mean entropy levels, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-test was used. Results: Seventeen texts were analyzed, with five texts from each student referring to the theme of the chosen projects. Of these students, six were from to Group 1 (ages: 08 to 10 years old) and eight students from Group 2 (ages: 11 to 14 years old). Analyzing them together, it can be identified that the Introduction Text [a] presented the Mean Entropy of 4.24 ± 0.13; Text 1 – concept [b] Mean Entropy of 4.26 ± 0.11; Text 2 [c] Mean Entropy of 4.34 ± 0.19; Text 3 [d] Mean Entropy of 4.47 ± 0.16 and Conclusion Text [e] Mean Entropy of 4.22 ± 0.04. The Introduction Texts, Text 1 and Conclusion Text had a statistically significant difference in relation to Text 3 (P=0.0005, P=0.0013 and P=0.001, respectively). Group 1 presented in the Introduction Text [a] the Mean Entropy of 4.13 ± 0.06; in Text 1 – concept [b] Mean Entropy of 4.22 ± 0.12; in Text 2 [c] Mean Entropy of 4.38 ± 0.27; Text 3 [d] Mean Entropy of 4.35 ± 0.17 and Conclusion Text [e] Mean Entropy of 4.18 ± 0.00, demonstrating that there was no statistically significant difference between any texts. Group 2 presented in the Introduction Text [a] the Mean Entropy of 4.32 ± 0.08; in Text 1 – concept [b] Mean Entropy of 4.28 ± 0.09; in Text 2 [c] Mean Entropy of 4.3 ± 0.11; Text 3 [d] Mean Entropy of 4.56 ± 0.08 and Conclusion Text [e] Mean Entropy of 4.25 ± 0.03. There was a statistically significant difference between the Introduction Texts, Text 1, Text 2 and Conclusion Text in relation to Text 3 (P<0.0001 for all). Conclusion: It was possible to demonstrate the occurrence of a dynamic behavior of Shannon's Entropy in the texts produced by the students, basically differentiated in the older group, in which a statistically significant difference was observed in the complexity of the texts. This analysis tool could become a useful way for assessing the evolution of the students' cognitive process.