Influência do tabagismo na apresentação clínica da doença periodontal em pacientes com outros fatores de risco cardiovascular

Abstract

Smoking is an independent risk factor for the onset, extent and severity of periodontal disease. Objective: To investigate the influence of smoking in the periodontal disease in patients with other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients and Method: This study was conducted using data collected from September 1975 to September 2009, involving 106 patients independently of gender and race, with periodontal disease – 53 smokers and 53 non-smokers (control group). Also the occurrence of other cardiovascular risk factors (systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, alcoholism and stress) was analyzed. Results: Among the periodontal conditions encountered, significant differences were found between smokers and non-smokers with regard to tartar (p = 0.0431), junctional epithelium (p = 0.0216), conjunctive tissue (p = 0.0015), gingival coloration (p < 0.0001), tooth mobility (p < 0.0001) and bone loss (p = 0.0216). Regarding other cardiovascular risk factors, the main conditions found in smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease were systemic arterial hypertension (28.30%), alcoholism (20.76%), and stress (18.87%), whereas in non-smoker the most frequent included systemic arterial hypertension (24.53%), stress (18.87%) and dyslipidemia (16.98%). Conclusions: Periodontal conditions such as the presence of tartar, junctional epithelium, conjunctive tissue and gingival coloration alterations, tooth mobility and bone loss are more frequent among smokers when compared with non-smokers. The principal cardiovascular risk factors encountered in smokers with periodontal disease are systemic arterial hypertension, alcoholism, and stress.